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LetsGit.IT/Categories/MongoDB
MongoDBeasy

Embedding vs referencing in MongoDB — when would you embed?

Tags
#modeling#embedding#referencing
Back to categoryPractice quiz

Answer

Embed when data is owned by the parent and is usually read together (one query, atomic update in one document). Reference when the related data is large, shared, or grows without bounds.

Advanced answer

Deep dive

Expanding on the short answer — what usually matters in practice:

  • Context (tags): modeling, embedding, referencing
  • Data model and access patterns: dominant queries (read/write ratio, sorting, pagination).
  • Indexes: when they help vs hurt (write amplification, memory).
  • Consistency & transactions: what’s guaranteed and what can bite you.
  • Explain the "why", not just the "what" (intuition + consequences).
  • Trade-offs: what you gain/lose (time, memory, complexity, risk).
  • Edge cases: empty inputs, large inputs, invalid inputs, concurrency.

Examples

A tiny example (query + projection):

// Example: query + projection
const user = await db.collection('users').findOne(
  { email: '[email protected]' },
  { projection: { _id: 0, email: 1, name: 1 } },
)

Common pitfalls

  • Too generic: no concrete trade-offs or examples.
  • Mixing average-case and worst-case (e.g., complexity).
  • Ignoring constraints: memory, concurrency, network/disk costs.

Interview follow-ups

  • When would you choose an alternative and why?
  • What production issues show up and how do you diagnose them?
  • How would you test edge cases?

Related questions

MongoDB
Embedding vs referencing: when would you embed documents in MongoDB?
#mongo#schema-design#embedding
MongoDB
Embedding vs referencing in MongoDB schema design?
#embedding#referencing#schema-design
MongoDB
What is a document in MongoDB and how is data modeled?
#document#bson
#modeling